A review on Harnessing the Power of IoT in Renewable Energy
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Abstract
The increasing global demand for electricity, coupled with the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, necessitates the urgent adoption of renewable energy sources. The Internet of Things (IoT) emerges as a transformative technology that can significantly enhance the efficiency and management of renewable energy systems. This comprehensive review examines the applications of IoT across various renewable energy sectors including solar, wind, hydroelectric, biomass, geothermal, and tidal energy systems. The study analyzes how IoT-enabled sensors and devices facilitate real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and optimization of renewable energy infrastructure. Key findings reveal that IoT implementation substantially improves operational efficiency through enhanced data collection, remote monitoring capabilities, and intelligent control systems. The research identifies major applications including solar data logging, wind turbine optimization, hydroelectric power plant management, and biomass monitoring systems. However, several challenges persist, including security vulnerabilities, interoperability issues, scalability limitations, and high initial implementation costs. The study proposes cost-effective solutions such as edge computing platforms, LoRa technology for remote monitoring, and public-private partnerships to address financial barriers. Future perspectives indicate significant potential for IoT integration with artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies to create more intelligent and autonomous renewable energy systems. The findings suggest that widespread IoT adoption in renewable energy sectors will be crucial for meeting global sustainability goals and supporting the transition to a clean energy future.
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